Kunzwisisa ruzivo rwemagineti

1. Sei magineti ari magineti?

Nyaya zhinji inoumbwa nemamorekuru anoumbwa nemaatomu ayo anobva aita nuclei nema electrons. Mukati meatomu, maerekitironi anotenderera nekutenderedza nucleus, ose achibudisa magineti. Asi mune dzakawanda nyaya, maerekitironi anofamba munzira dzese dzakasiyana, uye magineti mhedzisiro inodzima imwe neimwe kunze. Naizvozvo, zvinhu zvakawanda hazviratidzi magineti pasi pemamiriro akajairwa.

Kusiyana neferromagnetic zvinhu zvakaita sesimbi, cobalt, nickel kana ferrite, emukati ma electron spins anogona kusimuka munzvimbo diki, achigadzira nzvimbo inongoerekana yaitika magineti inonzi magnetic domain. Kana ferromagnetic zvinhu zvave nemagineti, iwo emukati magineti madomasi anorongeka zvakanaka uye munzira imwechete, kusimbisa iyo magineti uye kugadzira magineti. Iyo magnetization process yemagineti ndiyo magnetization process yesimbi. Simbi ine magineti uye magineti zvinokwezva zvakasiyana, uye simbi "yakanamira" pamwe chete nemagineti.

2. Nzira yekutsanangura sei kushanda kwemagnet?

Iko kunonyanya kuita matatu maparamita ekuona mabatiro anoita magineti:
Remanent Br: Mushure mekunge magineti echigarire aitwa magineti kune tekinoroji saturation uye yekunze magineti yabviswa, iyo yakachengetwa Br inonzi yakasara magineti induction intensity.
Coercivity Hc: Kudzikisa iyo B yeanogara magineti ane magineti kune tekinoroji saturation kusvika zero, iyo reverse magineti kusimba kunodiwa kunodaidzwa kuti magineti coercivity, kana kumanikidza kwenguva pfupi.
Magnetic simba chigadzirwa BH: inomiririra iyo magineti simba density yakagadzwa nemagineti munzvimbo yemhepo gap (nzvimbo iri pakati pemagineti mapango maviri egineti), kureva, iyo static magineti simba pavhoriyamu yevhoriyamu yemhepo.

3. Nzira yekuisa sei simbi yemagineti zvinhu?

Metal magineti zvinhu zvakakamurwa kuita zvechigarire magineti uye akapfava magineti zvinhu. Kazhinji, zvinhu zvine intrinsic coercivity yakakura kupfuura 0.8kA/m inonzi inogara magineti zvinhu, uye zvinhu zvine intrinsic coercivity isingasviki 0.8kA/m inonzi yakapfava magineti.

4. Kuenzanisa kwesimba remagineti emarudzi akati wandei emagineti anowanzo shandiswa

Magnetic simba kubva kuhombe kusvika kudiki gadziriro: Ndfeb magineti, samarium cobalt magineti, aluminium nickel cobalt magineti, ferrite magineti.

5. Sexual valence analogy yezvakasiyana magineti zvinhu?

Ferrite: yakaderera uye yepakati kuita, iyo yakaderera mutengo, yakanaka tembiricha maitiro, ngura kuramba, yakanaka kuita mutengo reshiyo
Ndfeb: kushanda kwepamusoro, mutengo wepakati, simba rakanaka, risingarambi kune tembiricha yepamusoro uye ngura
Samarium cobalt: kuita kwepamusoro, mutengo wepamusoro, brittle, yakanakisa tembiricha maitiro, ngura kuramba
Aluminium nickel cobalt: yakaderera uye yepakati kuita, mutengo wepakati, yakanakisa tembiricha maitiro, corrosion kuramba, kushomeka kupindira kuramba.
Samarium cobalt, ferrite, Ndfeb inogona kugadzirwa ne sintering uye bonding nzira. Iyo sintering magineti pfuma yakakwira, kuumba kwakashata, uye magineti yekubatanidza yakanaka uye kuita kwakadzikira zvakanyanya. AlNiCo inogona kugadzirwa nekukanda uye nzira dzekukanda, magineti ekukanda ane zvivakwa zvepamusoro uye kusaita zvakanaka, uye sintered magineti ane yakaderera zvivakwa uye nani kuumbwa.

6. Hunhu hweNdfeb magineti

Ndfeb zvechigarire magineti zvinhu ndeye chisingaperi magineti zvinhu zvichibva pane intermetallic musanganiswa Nd2Fe14B. Ndfeb ine yakakwira kwazvo magineti simba chigadzirwa uye simba, uye zvakanakira yakakwira simba density inoita kuti ndFEB isingaperi magineti zvinhu zvishandiswe zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemazuva ano uye tekinoroji yemagetsi, kuitira kuti zviridzwa, electroacoustic motors, magineti separation magnetization zvishandiso miniaturization, huremu huremu, hutete huve. zvinogoneka.

Material maitiro: Ndfeb ine mabhenefiti ekuita kwemutengo wepamusoro, ine maitiro akanaka emuchina; Izvo zvakashata ndezvekuti tembiricha yeCurie yakadzikira, tembiricha haina kunaka, uye iri nyore kuita corrosion, saka inofanirwa kuvandudzwa nekugadzirisa kuumbwa kwayo kwemakemikari uye kutora kurapwa kwepamusoro kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa.
Kugadzira maitiro: Kugadzirwa kweNdfeb uchishandisa poda metallurgy process.
Process flow: batching → melting ingot making → powder making → pressing → sintering tempering → magnetic discover → kugaya → pin cutting → electroplating → finished product.

7. Chii chinonzi magineti ane divi rimwe chete?

Magnet ine mapango maviri, asi mune imwe nzvimbo yebasa inoda magineti edanda rimwe chete, saka isu tinoda kushandisa simbi kune magnet encase, simbi padivi remagineti inodzivirira, uye kuburikidza nekupokana kune rimwe divi remagineti ndiro, gadzira imwe. divi remagineti kusimbisa, magineti akadaro akaungana anozivikanwa semagineti imwechete kana magineti. Iko hakuna chinhu chakadai seyechokwadi - sided magineti.
Izvo zvinoshandiswa kune imwe-padivi magineti zvinowanzo arc iron sheet uye Ndfeb yakasimba magineti, chimiro cheimwe-divi magineti ye ndFEB yakasimba magineti inowanzo tenderera chimiro.

8. Chii chiri kushandiswa kwemagineti ane divi rimwe chete?

(1) Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekudhinda. Kune magineti ane divi rimwe chete mumabhokisi ezvipo, nharembozha mabhokisi, fodya newaini mabhokisi, nharembozha mabhokisi, MP3 mabhokisi, mwedzi makeke mabhokisi uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa.
(2) Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yezvigadzirwa zvematehwe. Mabhegi, mabhegi, mabhegi ekufambisa, makesi enharembozha, wallet uye zvimwe zvinhu zvedehwe zvese zvine huvepo hwemagineti ane divi rimwe chete.
(3) Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yezvinyorwa. Single-side magineti aripo muzvinyorwa, mabhatani ewhiteboard, maforodha, magineti nameplates uye zvichingodaro.

9. Chii chinofanira kutariswa panguva yekufambisa kwemagineti?

Teerera kune humidity yemukati, iyo inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa pane yakaoma. Usapfuudza tembiricha yekamuri; Black block kana isina chinhu mamiriro echigadzirwa chekuchengetedza anogona kunyatsoputirwa nemafuta (general mafuta); Electroplating zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kuve vacuum-yakavharwa kana mhepo-yega chengetedzo, kuti ive nechokwadi chekudzivirirwa kwekupotera; Magnetizing zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kuyamwa pamwe chete uye kuchengetwa mumabhokisi kuitira kuti zvirege kuyamwa mimwe miviri yesimbi; Zvigadzirwa zvemagineti zvinofanirwa kuchengetwa kure nemagineti disks, magineti makadhi, magineti matepi, mamonitor emakomputa, wachi uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinonzwisa tsitsi. Magnet magnetization state inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa panguva yekufambisa, kunyanya kufambiswa kwemhepo kunofanirwa kudzivirirwa zvachose.

10. Nzira yekuwana sei magnetic isolation?

Chete zvinhu zvinogona kusungirirwa kune magineti zvinogona kuvharira iyo magineti, uye iyo yakakora zvinhu, zviri nani.

11. Ndeipi ferrite material inofambisa magetsi?

Yakapfava magineti ferrite ndeyeiyo magineti conductivity zvinhu, yakananga yakakwirira permeability, yakakwirira resistivity, inowanzo shandiswa pakakwirira frequency, inonyanya kushandiswa mukutaurirana kwemagetsi. Kufanana nemakomputa uye maTV atinobata mazuva ese, pane maapplication mazviri.
Ferite yakapfava inonyanya kusanganisira manganese-zingi uye nickel-zingi nezvimwe. Manganese-zinc ferrite magineti conductivity yakakura kudarika nickel-zinc ferrite.
Chii chinonzi Curie tembiricha yekusingaperi magineti ferrite?
Zvinonzi tembiricha yeCurie yeferrite ingangoita 450℃, kazhinji yakakura kupfuura kana kuenzana ne450℃. Hukukutu hunenge 480-580. Iyo Curie tembiricha yeNdfeb magineti iri pakati pe350-370℃. Asi tembiricha yekushandiswa kweNdfeb magineti haigone kusvika kuCurie tembiricha, tembiricha inopfuura 180-200℃ magineti pfuma yakadzikira zvakanyanya, kurasikirwa kwemagineti kwakakurawo, kwakarasa kukosha kwekushandisa.

13. Ndeapi maitiro anoshanda eiyo magnetic core?

Magnetic cores, kunyanya ferrite zvinhu, zvine maitiro akasiyana ejometri. Kuti usangane neyakasiyana dhizaini zvinodiwa, saizi yepakati inoverengerwawo kuti ienderane ne optimization zvinodiwa. Aya aripo epakati paramita anosanganisira emuviri paramita senge magineti nzira, inoshanda nzvimbo uye inoshanda vhoriyamu.

14. Nei nzvimbo yekona ichikosha pakumonereka?

Iyo angular radius yakakosha nekuti kana mupendero wepakati wakanyanya kupinza, unogona kutyora kuvharwa kwewaya panguva yekunyatso mhepo. Ita shuwa kuti mipendero yepakati yakatsetseka. Ferrite cores ma mold ane yakajairwa kutenderera radius, uye aya macores anokwenenzverwa uye akabviswa kudzikisa kupinza kwemapendero awo. Pamusoro pezvo, macores mazhinji akapendwa kana kuvharwa kwete chete kuita kuti makona awo apfuure, asiwo kuita kuti nzvimbo yavo inomonereka iite zvakanaka. Iyo poda yepakati ine yekumanikidza radius kune rimwe divi uye deburring semi-denderedzwa kune rimwe divi. Kune zvinhu zveferrite, chivharo chekuwedzera chinopihwa.

15. Ndeupi rudzi rwemagineti musimboti wakakodzera kugadzira transformers?

Kusangana nezvinodiwa zvetransformer musimboti kunofanirwa kunge kune yakakwira magineti induction intensity kune rumwe rutivi, kune rumwe rutivi kuchengetedza kupisa kwayo kukwira mukati meimwe muganhu.
Kune inductance, iyo magineti musimboti inofanirwa kunge iine imwe mhepo gap kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti ine imwe nhanho yekupinza mune yakakwira DC kana AC drive, ferrite uye musimboti inogona kuve yemhepo gap kurapwa, poda core ine yayo yega mhepo.

16. Ndeupi rudzi rwemagineti yakakosha?

Izvo zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti hapana mhinduro kudambudziko, nekuti kusarudzwa kweiyo magineti musimboti kunotemerwa pahwaro hwemashandisirwo uye frequency yekushandisa, nezvimwewo, chero sarudzo yezvinhu uye musika zvinhu zvekufunga nezvazvo, semuenzaniso, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuve nechokwadi. kukwira kwekushisa kudiki, asi mutengo unodhura, saka, kana ukasarudza zvinhu zvinopesana nekushisa kwakanyanya, Zvinokwanisika kusarudza saizi yakakura asi zvinhu zvine mutengo wakaderera kuti upedze basa, saka kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvakanakisa kune zvinodiwa zvekushandisa. kune yako yekutanga inductor kana transformer, kubva panguva ino, iyo yekushanda frequency uye mutengo ndizvo zvakakosha zvinhu, senge kusarudzwa kwakaringana kwezvinhu zvakasiyana kunoenderana nekuchinja frequency, tembiricha uye magineti flux density.

17. Chii chinonzi anti-interference magnetic ring?

Anti-kupindira magineti mhete inonziwo ferrite magnetic ring. Kufona sosi anti-kupindira magineti mhete, ndeyekuti inogona kuita basa rei-anti-kupindira, semuenzaniso, zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, nekunze kwekukanganisa chiratidzo, kupinda kwezvinhu zvemagetsi zvigadzirwa, zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakagamuchira kukanganiswa kwechiratidzo chekunze. inokwanisa kumhanya zvakajairika, uye anti-kupindira magineti mhete, inogona kungove nebasa iri, chero bedzi zvigadzirwa uye anti-kupindira magineti mhete, inogona kudzivirira kunze kwekuvhiringidza chiratidzo muzvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, Inogona kuita kuti zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvifambe zvakajairika uye ridza anti-kupindira mhedzisiro, saka inonzi anti-interference magnetic ring.

Anti-kupindira magineti mhete inozivikanwawo se ferrite magineti mhete, nekuti ferrite magineti ring inogadzirwa nesimbi oxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, mhangura oxide uye zvimwe zvinhu zveferrite, nekuti zvinhu izvi zvine ferrite zvinhu, uye ferrite zvinhu zvinogadzirwa ne chigadzirwa semhete, saka nekufamba kwenguva inonzi ferrite magnetic ring.

18. Nzira yekuita sei demagnetize iyo magnetic core?

Iyo nzira ndeyekushandisa inochinjika ikozvino ye60Hz kupakati kuitira kuti yekutanga kutyaira ikozvino inokwana kugutsa migumo yakanaka uye yakaipa, uyezve zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedza mwero wekutyaira, inodzokororwa kakawanda kusvika yadonha kusvika zero. Uye izvi zvinozoita kuti idzokere kumugariro wayo wepakutanga.
Chii chinonzi magnetoelasticity (magnetostriction)?
Mushure mekunge iyo magineti yaiswa magineti, shanduko diki mu geometry ichaitika. Shanduko yehukuru iyi inofanirwa kunge iri pakurongeka kwezvikamu zvishoma pamiriyoni, inonzi magnetostriction. Kune mamwe maapplication, akadai seanoita ultrasonic jenareta, mukana weichi chivakwa unotorwa kuti uwane mechanicha deformation nemagnetic akafararira magnetostriction. Mune mamwe, ruzha rwemuridzo runoitika kana uchishanda mune inonzwika frequency renji. Naizvozvo, yakaderera magineti shrinkage zvinhu zvinogona kuiswa mune iyi kesi.

20. Chii chinonzi magnetic mismatch?

Chiitiko ichi chinoitika mumaferrites uye chinoratidzwa nekudzikira kwepermeability kunoitika kana musimboti waitwa demagnetized. Iyi demagnetization inogona kuitika kana tembiricha yekushanda yakakwira kupfuura tembiricha yeCurie point, uye kushandiswa kwealternating current kana mechanic vibration kunodzikira zvishoma nezvishoma.

Muchiitiko ichi, iyo permeability inotanga kuwedzera kusvika padanho rayo rekutanga uyezve inodzikira nekukurumidza. Kana pasina akakosha mamiriro anotarisirwa nechikumbiro, shanduko yepermeability ichave diki, sezvo shanduko zhinji dzichaitika mumwedzi inotevera kugadzirwa. Kupisa kwakanyanya kunowedzera kuderera uku mukupenya. Magnetic dissonance inodzokororwa mushure meimwe neimwe yakabudirira demagnetization uye saka yakasiyana nekuchembera.